在 Ubuntu 上使用 Nginx 部署 Flask 应用

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参考

安装

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
sudo easy_install pip
sudo pip install virtualenv
sudo apt-get install build-essential python python-dev
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nginx/stable

sudo apt-get install nginx
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

sudo pip install uwsgi

目录

sudo mkdir /var/www
sudo mkdir /var/www/demoapp
cd /var/www/demoapp
virtualenv venv
. venv/bin/activate
pip install flask

文件index.py

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"

//这两行要注释掉，不然搭配nginx运行，python会和nginx打架争抢入口，造成Internal Server Error
//if __name__ == "__main__":
//    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080)

配置nginx

sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

vi /var/www/demoapp/demoapp_nginx.conf

server {
    listen      5000;
    server_name localhost;
    charset     utf-8;
    client_max_body_size 75M;

    # 开启gzip
    gzip on;
    # 启用gzip压缩的最小文件，小于设置值的文件将不会压缩
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    # gzip 压缩级别，1-10，数字越大压缩的越好，也越占用CPU时间，后面会有详细说明
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    # 进行压缩的文件类型。javascript有多种形式。其中的值可以在 mime.types 文件中找到。
    gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png;
    # 是否在http header中添加Vary: Accept-Encoding，建议开启
    gzip_vary on;

    location / { try_files $uri @demoapp; }
    location @demoapp {
            include uwsgi_params;
            uwsgi_pass unix:/var/www/demoapp/demoapp_uwsgi.sock;
    }
}

sudo ln -s /var/www/demoapp/demoapp_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/

配置uWSGI

sudo mkdir -p /var/log/uwsgi

vi /var/www/demoapp/demoapp_uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]
#application's base folder
base = /var/www/demoapp

#python module to import
app = index
module = %(app)

home = %(base)/venv
pythonpath = %(base)

#socket file's location
socket = /var/www/demoapp/%n.sock

#permissions for the socket file
chmod-socket    = 777

#the variable that holds a flask application inside the module imported at line #6
callable = app

#location of log files
logto = /var/log/uwsgi/%n.log

uWSGI Emperor

vi /etc/init/uwsgi.conf

description "uWSGI"
start on runlevel [2346]
stop on runlevel [!2346]
respawn

env UWSGI=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi
env LOGTO=/var/log/uwsgi/emperor.log

exec $UWSGI --master --emperor /etc/uwsgi/vassals --die-on-term --uid www-data --gid www-data --logto $LOGTO

. 

sudo mkdir /etc/uwsgi && sudo mkdir /etc/uwsgi/vassals
sudo ln -s /var/www/demoapp/demoapp_uwsgi.ini /etc/uwsgi/vassals

目录权限

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/demoapp/
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/log/uwsgi/

启动

start uwsgi
/etc/init.d/nginx restart

托管多个应用

demoapp1

目录

mkdir /var/www/demoapp1

index.py

vi index.py 

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"

demoapp1_nginx.conf 

vi demoapp1_nginx.conf

server {
    listen      5001;//第二个应用端口
    server_name localhost;
    charset     utf-8;
    client_max_body_size 75M;

    # 开启gzip
    gzip on;
    # 启用gzip压缩的最小文件，小于设置值的文件将不会压缩
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    # gzip 压缩级别，1-10，数字越大压缩的越好，也越占用CPU时间，后面会有详细说明
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    # 进行压缩的文件类型。javascript有多种形式。其中的值可以在 mime.types 文件中找到。
    gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png;
    # 是否在http header中添加Vary: Accept-Encoding，建议开启
    gzip_vary on;

    location / { try_files $uri @demoapp1; }
    location @demoapp1 {
            include uwsgi_params;
            uwsgi_pass unix:/var/www/demoapp1/demoapp1_uwsgi.sock;
    }
}

demoapp1_uwsgi.ini

vi demoapp1_uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]
#application's base folder
base = /var/www/demoapp1

#python module to import
app = index
module = %(app)

home = %(base)/venv
pythonpath = %(base)

#socket file's location
socket = /var/www/demoapp1/%n.sock

#permissions for the socket file
chmod-socket    = 777

#the variable that holds a flask application inside the module imported at line #6
callable = app

#location of log files
logto = /var/log/uwsgi/%n.log

外链

ln -s /var/www/demoapp1/demoapp1_nginx.conf     /etc/nginx/conf.d/
ln -s /var/www/demoapp1/demoapp1_uwsgi.ini /etc/uwsgi/vassals/

virtualenv

virtualenv venv
. venv/bin/activate
pip install flask

目录权限

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/demoapp1/

启动

restart uwsgi
/etc/init.d/nginx restart